Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Background

Sprouting angiogenesis is an important mechanism for morphogenetic phenomena, including organ development, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. In regenerative medicine, therapeutic angiogenesis is a clinical solution for recovery from ischemic diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been clinically used given their pro-angiogenic effects. MSCs are reported to promote angiogenesis by differentiating into pericytes or other vascular cells or through cell–cell communication using multiple protein–protein interactions. However, how MSCs physically contact and move around ECs to keep the sprouting angiogenesis active remains unknown.

Methods

We proposed a novel framework of EC–MSC crosstalk analysis using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and MSCs obtained from mice subcutaneous adipose tissue on a 3D in vitro model, microvessel-on-a-chip, which allows cell-to-tissue level study. The microvessels were fabricated and cultured for 10 days in a collagen matrix where MSCs were embedded.

Results

Immunofluorescence imaging using a confocal laser microscope showed that MSCs smoothed the surface of the microvessel and elongated the angiogenic sprouts by binding to the microvessel’s specific microstructures. Additionally, three-dimensional modeling of HUVEC–MSC intersections revealed that MSCs were selectively located around protrusions or roots of angiogenic sprouts, whose surface curvature was excessively low or high, respectively.

Conclusions

The combination of our microvessel-on-a-chip system for 3D co-culture and image-based crosstalk analysis demonstrated that MSCs are selectively localized to concave–convex surfaces on scaffold structures and that they are responsible for the activation and stabilization of capillary vessels.

DOI： 10.1186/s13287-022-03223-1

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13287-022-03223-1/fulltext.html

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

Nailfold capillaroscopy is a simple and noninvasive imaging tool to visualize the pattern of capillaries. Microvascular abnormalities have been previously observed in autoimmune disease such as systemic sclerosis and diabetes. Thus, early detection of microvascular dysfunction or changes has promising way for the one of the disease preventions. In this study, for routine health checkups, we evaluated the relationship between the structure of nailfold capillaries and lifestyle habits in healthy participants. First, we analyzed the correlation of structural parameters of nailfold capillaries with values of responses to questions on their lifestyle habits in 224 participants. The results suggested that an unhealthy lifestyle, including poor sleeping habits, smoking, intense exercise, and drinking alcohol, causes a change in the pattern of nailfold capillaries. We then investigated whether the pattern of nailfold capillaries changed after a conscious improvement in lifestyle habits. One to two weeks after the self-improvement of lifestyle habits, the hairpin loops sharpened or straightened. In conclusion, this study is the first report indicating a correlation between the structure of nailfold capillaries and lifestyle habits in a non-clinical population. The simple, inexpensive, and noninvasive method using nailfold microscopy can be employed for routine health checkups everywhere even at a bedside.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0269661

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/2211-5463.13237

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/2211-5463.13237

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

<title>Abstract</title>
Oviduct, uterus, and vagina are derived from Müllerian ducts. But only in the vagina, the epithelium differentiates into stratified layers. Organ-specific secreted factors derived from the stroma of a neonatal mouse induce epithelial differentiation in the female reproductive tracts. However, the effects of the components and mechanical property of extracellular matrix (ECM) on the regulation of gene expression in the mesenchymal cells of neonatal stroma and differentiation of epithelium in the female reproductive tracts have been overlooked. In the present study, we have developed a simple 3D neonatal vaginal model using clonal cell lines to study the effect of ECM's components and stiffness on the epithelial stratification. Transcriptome analysis was performed by DNA-microarray to identify the components of ECM involved in the differentiation of vaginal epithelial stratification. The knockdown experiment of the candidate genes relating to vaginal epithelial stratification was focused on fibromodulin (Fmod), a collagen cross-linking protein. FMOD was essential for the expression of Bmp4, which encodes secreted factors to induce the epithelial stratification of vaginal mesenchymal cells. Furthermore, stiffer ECM as a scaffold for epithelial cells is necessary for vaginal epithelial stratification. Therefore, the components and stiffness of ECM are both crucial for the epithelial stratification in the neonatal vagina.

DOI： 10.1093/biolre/ioab041

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)  

<p>A new 3D gut-on-a-chip on a ductal scaffold induced a differentiated epithelial layer and allowed permeability and absorption assay.</p>

DOI： 10.1039/d0bm00763c

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

<title>Abstract</title>
Uterine smooth muscle cells differentiate from mesenchymal cells, and gap junctions connect the muscle cells in the myometrium. At the neonatal stage, a uterine smooth muscle layer is situated away from the epithelium when smooth muscle cells are grafted near the epithelium, suggesting that the epithelium plays an important role in differentiation, proliferation, and/or migration of smooth muscle cells. In this study, developmental mechanisms regulating the formation of the smooth muscle layers in the mouse uterus were analyzed using an in vitro culture model. Differentiation of smooth muscle cells occurs at a neonatal stage because ACTA2 gene expression was increased at the outer layer, and GJA1 was not expressed in cellular membranes of uterine smooth muscle cells by postnatal day 15. To analyze the effects of the epithelium on the differentiation of smooth muscle cells, a bulk uterine mesenchymal cell line was established from p53−/− mice at postnatal day 3 (P3US cells). Co-culture with Müllerian ductal epithelial cells (E1 cells) induced repulsive migration of ACTA2-positive cells among bulk P3US cells from E1 cells, but it had no effects on the migration of any of 100% ACTA2-positive or negative smooth muscle cell lines cloned from P3US cells. Thus, uterine epithelial cells indirectly affected the repulsive migration of smooth muscle cells via mesenchymal cells. Conditioned medium by E1 cells inhibited differentiation into smooth muscle cells of clonal cells established from P3US cells. Therefore, the uterine epithelium inhibits the differentiation of stem-like progenitor mesenchymal cells adjacent to the epithelium into smooth muscle cells.

DOI： 10.1093/biolre/ioaa104

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DOI： 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.03.006

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DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.10.013

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Study Objective: To evaluate the effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on epithelialization of neovagina in patients with Mayer-Rokitansky- Kuster-Hauser syndrome who underwent vaginoplasty.
Design: Observational study.
Setting: University hospital.
Participants: Seven patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome.
Interventions: Cytological examination was done on vaginal smear samples from the site of completed epithelialization, and tissue was collected from the epithelialized part for histological evaluation. Immunostaining for estrogen receptor a, and keratin 13 and 14, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of the FGF receptor (FGFR) 1-4 were performed in samples from case 2 three times (ie, during the surgery, during the period of vaginal creation, and at 3 months and 6 months after the surgery).
Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the FGF effects on the epithelialization speed and FGFR expression in the neovagina. The second was the role of FGF in the mechanism of vaginal epithelial cell proliferation.
Results: The histological structure of the neovagina was consistent with that of normal vagina. RT-PCR analysis revealed that FGFR was expressed in the control vaginas and neovaginas. Among the FGFR subtypes, FGFR-4 was overexpressed during the process of epithelialization and its level decreased after completion of creation of the new vagina.
Conclusion: The epithelium of the neovagina was morphologically similar to that of normal vagina. It is suggested that FGF plays the role as a growth factor.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jpag.2015.12.001

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：NATL ACAD SCIENCES  

The Mullerian duct develops into the oviduct, uterus, and vagina, all of which are quite distinct in their morphology and function. The epithelial fate of these female reproductive organs in developing mice is determined by factors secreted from the stroma; however, how stromal differentiation occurs in the female reproductive organs derived from the Mullerian duct is still unclear. In the present study, roles of retinoic acid (RA) signaling in developing female reproductive tracts were investigated. Retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 subfamily A2 (ALDH1A2) mRNAs and proteins and transactivation activity of endogenous RA were found in the stroma of proximal Mullerian ducts and gradually decreased from the proximal to caudal regions in fetal mice. In organ-cultured Mullerian ducts, retinaldehyde or RA treatment induced uterine epithelial differentiation, defined as a layer of columnar epithelial cells negative for oviductal and vaginal epithelial markers. In contrast, inhibition of RA receptor (RAR) signaling induced vaginal epithelial differentiation, characterized as vaginal epithelial marker genes-positive stratified epithelium. Grafting experiments of the organ-cultured Mullerian duct revealed irreversible epithelial fate determination. Although RAR did not directly bind to the homeobox A10 (Hoxa10) promoter region, RA-RAR signaling stimulated Hoxa10 expression. Thus, RA-RAR signaling in the Mullerian duct determines the fate of stroma to form the future uterus and vagina.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1608808113

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ENDOCRINE SOC  

Estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) plays a pivotal role in the mouse uterine and vaginal epithelial cell proliferation stimulated by estrogen, whereas ER beta inhibits cell proliferation. ER beta mRNA is expressed in neonatal uteri and vaginae; however, its functions in neonatal tissues have not been ascertained. In this study, we investigated the ontogenic mRNA expression and localization of ER beta, and its roles in cell proliferation in neonatal uteri and vaginae of ER beta knockout (beta ERKO) mice. ER beta mRNA and protein were abundant in the uterine and vaginal epithelia of 2-day-old mice and decreased with age. In uterine and vaginal epithelia of 2-day-old beta ERKO mice, cell proliferation was greater than that in wild-type animals and in uterine epithelia of 90- and 365-day-old beta ERKO mice. In addition, p27 protein, known as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, was decreased in the uteri of 90- and 365-day-old beta ERKO mice. Inhibition of neonatal ERs by ICI 182780 (an ER antagonist) treatment stimulated cell proliferation and decreased p27 protein in the uterine luminal epithelium of 90-day-old mice but not in the vaginal epithelium. These results suggest that neonatal ER beta is important in the persistent inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation with accumulation of p27 protein in the mouse uterus. Thus, suppression of ER beta function in the uterine epithelium during the neonatal period may be responsible for a risk for proliferative disease in adults.

DOI： 10.1210/en.2015-1012

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120847

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

DOI： 10.11188/seisankenkyu.75.111

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Language：English  

DOI： 10.3390/membranes12070679

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/all.15184

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)  

<p>Senescent cells modify their environment and cause tissue aging that leads to organ dysfunction. Developing strategies for healthy aging rises a need for <italic>in vitro</italic> models that enables to study senescence and senotherapeutics at a tissue level.</p>

DOI： 10.1039/d0bm01297a

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.diff.2020.10.003

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DOI： 10.1007/s11626-019-00406-8

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) is a plant-sucking arthropod herbivore that feeds on a wide array of cultivated plants. In contrast to the well-characterized classical chewing herbivore salivary elicitors that promote plant defense responses, little is known about sucking herbivores' elicitors. To characterize the sucking herbivore elicitors, we explored putative salivary gland proteins of spider mites by using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system or protein infiltration in damaged bean leaves. Two candidate elicitors (designated as tetranin1 (Tet1) and tetranin2 (Tet2)) triggered early leaf responses (cytosolic calcium influx and membrane depolarization) and increased the transcript abundances of defense genes in the leaves, eventually resulting in reduced survivability of T. urticae on the host leaves as well as induction of indirect plant defenses by attracting predatory mites. Tet1 and/or Tet2 also induced jasmonate, salicylate and abscisic acid biosynthesis. Notably, Tet2-induced signaling cascades were also activated via the generation of reactive oxygen species. The signaling cascades of these two structurally dissimilar elicitors are mostly overlapping but partially distinct and thus they would coordinate the direct and indirect defense responses in host plants under spider mite attack in both shared and distinct manners.

DOI： 10.1111/nph.15813

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

As a biomarker for various diseases, extracellular vesicles (EV) in bodily fluids have received attention. In this study, poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride) (PAEMA) was grafted onto a poly(dimethylsiloxane) power-free microchip by UV light-induced graft polymerization and anti-CD 63 antibody for EV capture was immobilized. Thus, a surface-functionalized power-free microchip (SF-PF microchip), which enables simple and rapid EV detection was fabricated. There was a correlation between the amount of antibody immobilized and the EV detection signal intensity, and both the amount and the signal intensity showed a maximum at 0.5 mol/L of AEMA concentration in feed for grafting. The sample volume required for EV detection was 1.0 μL and the time required for detection was 13 min. The SF-PF microchip would contribute to a point-of-care testing application.

DOI： 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.06.017

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis  

DOI： 10.2491/jjsth.30.512

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DOI： 10.1093/biolre/ioy114

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DOI： 10.1093/biolre/ioy113

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

DOI： 10.1021/acsomega.7b01147

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ZOOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN  

Many molluscs perform sex reversal, and sex hormones may be involved in the process. In adult scallops, Patinopecten yessoensis, gonadotropin releasing hormone and 17a-estradiol (E2) are involved in male sexual maturation, however, little is known about the effects of E2 and testosterone (T) on the gonadal differentiation in young scallops. In the present study, scallop gonadal development was analyzed to determine the sex reversal stage in Funka bay, and effects of E2 and T were examined. In Funka bay, almost all scallops were male at month 12. Scallops equipped with ambiguous gonads were 61.1% at month 16 and disappeared at month 18. Therefore, sex reversal in Funka bay occurs at around month 16. For establishment of organ culture systems for bivalves, Manila clam gonads were cultured in 15% L-15 medium diluted with HBSS containing 10% KSR on agarose gel at 10 degrees C, and the gonads survived for 14 days. Scallop gonads were also able to be cultured in 30% L15 medium diluted with ASW containing 10% KSR on agarose gel for seven days. At mature stage, Foxl2 and Tesk were predominantly expressed in ovary and testis, respectively. When scallop gonads at sex reversal stage were organ-cultured, sex steroid treatment decreased Tesk expression in the majority of scallop gonads at sex reversal stage. However, no obvious change in Foxl2 and Tesk expression was detected in mature gonads in response to either E2 or T in culture, suggesting sex steroid treatment might affect gonadal development at sex reversal stage.

DOI： 10.2108/zs160070

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease, manifests as intractable itch, but its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study assessed the relationship between immunoglobulin G (IgG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in NC/Nga mice, a model of AD that manifests AD-like symptoms including itch. Immunohistochemical analysis showed large amounts of IgG in DRG extracts of NC/Nga mice with AD-like dermatitis, with a large fraction of the IgG distributed in satellite glial cells of the DRG. Proteomic analysis showed that this IgG was reactive against tropomyosin of Dermatophagoides farinae. These findings indicate that the accumulation of anti-tropomyosin IgG in DRG of atopic NC/Nga mice may be associated with the pathogenesis of AD-like symptoms, including itch. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.109

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to transport miRNA, mRNA and protein, suggesting that they are new communication mediators. Diffusible mesenchymal factors determine the fate of M} ullerian epithelial cells into oviductal ciliated cells. In the present study, we investigated whether EVs mediate the communication in the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during oviductal ciliogenesis. EVs were isolated from cells of oviductal mesenchymal cell line (S1 cells) and characterized by TEM and expression of exosomal marker CD81. CD81 protein was also detected in oviductal mesenchyme, suggesting that CD81-expressing exosomes may be secreted from oviductal mesenchyme, as well as S1 cells. b-actin, Gapdh and Vimentin mRNAs and miRNAs were detected in the exosomes. mRNA in S1 cells was able to be transported into cells of M} ullerian epithelial cell line (E1 cells) via the exosomes. The effects of exosomes derived from S1 cells on ciliogenesis of E1 cells were analyzed by in vitro models. Culture with exosomes increased the number of ciliated cells in E1 cells. These results suggest that exosomes derived from mesenchymal cells modulate the oviductal ciliogenesis and open new avenues for developmental study of EVs. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.158

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Both the uterus and vagina develop from the Mullerian duct but are quite distinct in morphology and function. To investigate factors controlling epithelial differentiation and cell proliferation in neonatal uterus and vagina, we focused on Hedgehog (HH) signaling. In neonatal mice, Sonic hh (Shh) was localized in the vaginal epithelium and Indian hh (Ihh) was slightly expressed in the uterus and vagina, whereas all Glioma-associated oncogene homolog (Gli) genes were mainly expressed in the stroma. The expression of target genes of HH signaling was high in the neonatal vagina and in the uterus, it increased with growth. Thus, in neonatal mice, Shh in the vaginal epithelium and Ihh in the uterus and vagina activated HH signaling in the stroma. Tissue recombinants showed that vaginal Shh expression was inhibited by the vaginal stroma and uterine Ihh expression was stimulated by the uterine stroma. Addition of a HH signaling inhibitor decreased epithelial cell proliferation in organ-cultured uterus and vagina and increased stromal cell proliferation in organ-cultured uterus. However, it did not affect epithelial differentiation or the expression of growth factors in organ-cultured uterus and vagina. Thus, activated HH signaling stimulates epithelial cell proliferation in neonatal uterus and vagina but inhibits stromal cell proliferation in neonatal uterus.

DOI： 10.1007/s00441-012-1350-7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

The uterus and upper3/5 of the vagina originate from the Mullerian duct; however, these organs show quite distinct characteristics in morphology and function. To investigate factors controlling vaginal epithelial cell differentiation from a single layer of pseudostratified epithelium to a multi-layered stratified epithelium with keratin, we focused on fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs). Transformation related protein 63 (Trp63) expression, a marker of stratified epithelium, increased in the Mullerian vaginal epithelial cells from days 0 to 5, and keratin 14 (Krt14) was expressed from day 5, suggesting that Trp63-negative vaginal epithelial cells can differentiate into Trp63-positive cells after birth. Fgf7 and Fgf10 were localized in the vaginal stroma but their receptor, Fgf receptor 2IIIb (Fgfr2IIIb), was localized in the vaginal epithelium. Both Fgf9 and its receptor, Fgfr2IIIc, were localized in the vaginal epithelium. Vaginae cultured with FGF10 or anti-FGF9 antibody showed stratified epithelium with an intense Krt14 expression; however, an inhibitor of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/3 (MAPK1/3) canceled the effect of FGF10 and anti-FGF9 antibody. Thus, Fgf10 stimulates the differentiation of pseudostratified epithelial cells into stratified cells via MAPK1/3 pathway, and Fgf9 inhibits this differentiation in the neonatal mouse vagina. (C) 2011 International Society of Differentiation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.diff.2011.03.005

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Perinatal exposure to a synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), causes cervicovaginal adenosis and permanent hyperplastic cornified vaginal epithelium with keratinization in mice. To investigate the mechanisms of the induction of vaginal abnormalities by DES, we have focused on activin A signaling. We have found that the beta A-subunit mRNA is mainly expressed in the neonatal vaginal stroma, whereas activin A receptor type IB is localized in the neonatal vaginal epithelium. SMAD2, the intracellular signaling protein, is phosphorylated in the neonatal vagina. Cell proliferation in the vaginal epithelium grown in vitro is reduced by DES treatment or by activin signaling suppression through inhibin treatment. Thus, activin A (a homodimer of the beta A-subunit) in the stroma stimulates epithelial cell proliferation in the neonatal vagina. DES treatment decreases the expression of the beta A-subunit and activin receptor IIB but increases the expression of the beta B-subunit and inhibin receptor. Neonatal DES treatment inhibits the phosphorylation of SMAD2 in the vaginal epithelium, indicating the inhibition of activin A signaling in the vaginal epithelium by neonatal DES treatment. Treatment with DES or inhibin, a native antagonist of activin, induces adenosis-like structures and keratinization in the vagina grown in vitro. These data suggest that the suppression of activin A signaling by DES is involved in the induction of cervicovaginal adenosis and keratinization in the neonatal mouse vaginal epithelium.

DOI： 10.1007/s00441-011-1161-2

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION  

In mice, neonatal exposure to a synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), induces polyovular follicles, which contain two or more oocytes per ovarian follicle. We reported previously that the estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) mediates DES signaling in polyovular follicle induction. However, the specific mechanism of polyovular follicle induction has not yet been clarified. Folliculogenesis in rodents begins soon after birth, accompanied by programmed oocyte death and germ cell loss. In this study, the effects of DES on oocyte death and on mRNA expression of genes thought to be involved in polyovular follicle induction were analyzed during a crucial period of folliculogenesis in the ovary of C57BL/6J, Fas(lpr/lpr) (lacking cell death receptor, FAS), and Esr2 knockout (Esr2 KO) mice. Neonatal DES exposure reduced programmed oocyte death in C57BL/6J mice; however, this reduction was not observed in Esr2 KO mice. In control Fas(lpr/lpr) mice, the oocyte apoptotic index was significantly lower than that in the control C57BL/6J mice. However, the polyovular follicle incidence in control 20-day-old Fas(lpr/lpr) mice was similar to that in the control C57BL/6J mice. Moreover, DES exposure changed mRNA expression of inhibin-alpha (Inha) in 2-day-old C57BL/6J mice. These results suggest that inhibition of oocyte death by DES through ESR2 may be one of the triggers for polyovular follicle induction. The FAS system is also involved in neonatal oocyte death; however, reduction of oocyte death is not sufficient for polyovular follicle induction. The combination of increased Inha mRNA and reduction of oocyte death in the ovaries of mice by DES through ESR2 might be correlated with polyovular follicle induction.

DOI： 10.1095/biolreprod.108.070599

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：JAPAN ENDOCRINE SOC  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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