記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IJO PRESS  

AIM: To assess the efficacy of topical Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
METHODS: Experimental allergic conjunctivitis (EAC) mice model induced by short ragweed pollen (SRW) in 4-week-old of BALB/c mice, mice were evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunofluor - escence and light microscope photographs. Early phase took the samples in 24h after instillation and late phase took the samples between 4 to 14d after the start of treatment. The study use of topical SEMA3A (10 U, 100 U, 1000 U) eye drops and subconjunctival injection of SEMA3A with same concentration. For comparison, five types of allergy eyedrops were quantified using clinical characteristics.
RESULTS: Clinical score of composite ocular symptoms of the mice treated with SEMA3A were significantly decreased both in the immediate phase and the late phase compared to those treated with commercial ophthalmic formulations and non-treatment mice. SEMA3A treatment attenuates infiltration ofeosinophils entering into conjunctiva in EAC mice. The score of eosinophil infiltration in the conjunctiva of SEMA3A 1000 U-treated group were significantly lower than low-concentration of SEMA3A treated groups and non-treated group. SEMA3A treatment also suppressed T-cell proliferation in vitro and decreased serum total IgE levels in EAC mice. Moreover, treatment of SEMA3A suppressed Th2-related cytokines (IL-5,IL-13 and IL-4) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-y, IL-17 and TNF-alpha) release, but increased regulatory cytokine IL -10 concentration in the conjunctiva of EAC mice.
CONCLUSION: SEMA3A as a biological agent, showed the beneficial activity in ocular allergic processes with the less damage to the intraocular tissue. It is expected that SEMA3A may be contributed in patients with a more severe spectrum of refractory ocular allergic diseases including allergic conjunctivitis in the near future.

DOI： 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.01.01

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WICHTIG EDITORE  

Purpose: Globe rupture is a serious condition. Despite advancements in vitrectomy, the postoperative prognosis for visual acuity remains poor in many cases. We conducted multiple regression analysis to identify preoperative factors associated with postoperative visual acuity.
Methods: Subjects comprised 24 patients with globe rupture in one eye who had 5 consecutive years of consultation and were followed up for 12 months or longer. Subjects comprised 13 males and 11 females with a mean age of 67.8 +/- 17.4 years. Our methods involved performing multiple regression analysis with age, preoperative visual acuity, scope of injury, number of surgeries, hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and subchoroidal hemorrhage as explanatory variables, and postoperative visual acuity as the response variable.
Results: Preoperative visual acuity and scope of retinal detachment were explanatory factors found to correlate significantly with postoperative visual acuity after globe rupture.
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that postoperative visual acuity can be predicted to some degree by preoperative visual acuity and the scope of retinal detachment.

DOI： 10.5301/ejo.5000252

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MOLECULAR VISION  

Purpose: Polymorphisms in the interleukin 1 alpha (IL1A) and IL1B gene regions were previously associated with keratoconus in a Korean population. In the present study, we investigated whether the IL1A and IL1B polymorphisms are associated with keratoconus in a Japanese population.
Methods: A total of 169 Japanese patients with keratoconus and 390 Japanese healthy controls were recruited. We genotyped one IL1A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs2071376) and two IL1B SNPs (rs1143627 and rs16944) to compare the frequencies of alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes between cases and controls.
Results: Statistically significant association was observed for rs1143627 (-31 T>C) in the IL1B promoter region; the T allele of rs1143627 was associated with an increased risk of keratoconus (p=0.014, corrected p value [pc]=0.043, odds ratio=1.38). The C allele of rs16944 (-511 C>T) in the IL1B promoter region had a 1.33-fold increased risk of keratoconus, although this increase did not reach statistical significance (p=0.033, pc=0.098). The TT genotype of rs1143627 was weakly associated with an increased risk of keratoconus (p=0.033, pc=0.099, odds ratio=1.52). However, no significant differences were found in the allele and genotype frequencies between the cases and controls for rs2071376 in IL1A. Regarding haplotypic diversity, the haplotype created by the T allele of rs1143627 and C allele of rs16944 was associated with a 1.72-fold increased risk of keratoconus (p=4.0x10(-5), pc=1.6x10(-4)).
Conclusions: Our results replicate associations reported recently in a Korean population. Thus, IL1B may play an important role in the development of keratoconus through genetic polymorphisms.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC  

PURPOSE. Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous and multisystem granulomatous disorder. The etiology still is uncertain, but the disease currently is thought to be triggered by various genetic as well as environmental factors. Recently, an association between sarcoidosis and the butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) gene located in close proximity to the HLA-DRB1 gene was reported. The purpose of our study was to verify the relationship between BTNL2 and HLA risk alleles for the susceptibility to sarcoidosis, and to assess whether the BTNL2 association is independent of the HLA risk alleles.
METHODS. In our study, 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs28362677, rs2076533, rs2076530, rs2076529, rs2294881, rs3763304, rs2076523, rs28362682, rs3806156, rs9268499, rs3763317), including the functional rs2076530 (G > A) of the BTNL2 gene, and HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles, were genotyped in 237 Japanese patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis and 287 healthy Japanese control subjects.
RESULTS. In the patient group, the HLA-DRB1*08:03 (P = 6.15 X 10(-5), odds ratio [OR] = 2.43) and BTNL2 rs2076530_A (P = 6.90 X 10(-6), OR = 1.84) were associated with disease susceptibility. Upon stratification analysis in search for a synergistic effect given the extensive linkage disequilibrium between BTNL2 rs2076530_A and HLA-DRB1*08:03, our results suggested that the risk-bearing allele of these two loci interact negatively. No significant differences were observed in allele frequencies for alleles in patients with ocular and other systemic sarcoidosis.
CONCLUSIONS. Our studies implicated that the HLA-DRB1 allele is a major contributing genetic factor in the development of sarcoidosis in Japan. However, further studies are needed to verify how HLA or BTNL2 alleles confer the disease phenotype, severity of sarcoidosis. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:7109-7115) DOI:10.1167/iovs.12-10491

DOI： 10.1167/iovs.12-10491

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：INFORMA HEALTHCARE  

Purpose: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an autoimmune disorder affecting melanocytes in the skin, eyes, inner ear, and meninges. The Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen have been hypothesized as possible triggering factors for the disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the induction of defense mechanisms of the innate and adaptive immune responses to microbial pathogens. Among TLRs, TLR9 recognizes unmethylated 2'-deoxyribo (cytidine-phosphate guanosine)(CpG) DNA motifs that are frequently present in viruses and plays a central role in the host defense against viral infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether TLR9 polymorphisms were associated with VKH in a Japanese population.
Methods: Ninety-four Japanese patients diagnosed with VKH and 125 healthy control subjects were recruited. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs187084, rs5743836, rs352139, rs352140, rs5743845) in the TLR9 gene were genotyped, and allelic and phenotypic diversity was assessed between cases and control subjects.
Results: Strong linkage disequilibrium was observed among three SNPs (D'' > 0.99), which were located in one haplotype block. Two SNPs (rs5743836 and rs5743845) were monopolymorphic in both cases and controls. No statistically significant association was observed for any of the SNPs between cases and controls.
Conclusion: Three SNPs in the TLR9 gene were not significantly associated with susceptibility to VKH.

DOI： 10.3109/09273948.2011.553981

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