記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

We encountered two affected male patients born to non-consanguineous parents, who presented with prenatal-onset severe growth impairment, primary microcephaly, developmental delay, adrenal insufficiency, congenital glaucoma, delayed bone aging, craniosynostosis, congenital tracheal stenosis, and primary hypogonadism. By exome sequencing, we identified compound heterozygous TEDC1 variants (NM_001134877.1 c.[104-5C>G];[787delG] p.[?];[(Ala263LeufsTer29)] in both affected siblings. We confirmed that the splice site variant, c.104-5C>G, leads to no TEDC1 protein production via nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The frameshift variant located in the last coding exon, c.787delG, produces a C-terminally truncated protein, which impairs the binding with TEDC2. Thus, both variants are thought to be loss-of-function. TEDC1 and TEDC2 are both required for centriole stability and cell proliferation. Our in vitro experiments using patient-derived cells revealed cell cycle abnormality. Our in vivo study using tedc1-/- zebrafish generated by CRISPR/Cas9 successfully recapitulated the growth impairment and cranial bone dysplasia as seen in our patients. The tedc1-/- mutant zebrafish were sterile and did not have developed gonads. Furthermore, we showed that biallelic TEDC1 deletion causes cilia abnormalities through defective acetylated tubulins.

DOI： 10.1038/s41431-025-01802-3

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

<h4>Background & aims</h4>The apical-basal polarity of pancreatic acinar cells is essential for maintaining tissue architecture. However, the mechanisms by which polarity proteins regulate acinar pancreas injury and regeneration are poorly understood.<h4>Methods</h4>Cerulein-induced pancreatitis was induced in mice with conditional deletion of the polarity protein Par3 in the pancreas. The impact of Par3 loss on pancreas injury and regeneration was assessed by histologic analyses and transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing. Mice were pretreated with the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitor JQ1 before cotreatment with cerulein to determine the effect of BET inhibition on pancreas injury and regeneration.<h4>Results</h4>Initially, we show that Par3 is increased in acinar-ductal metaplasia (ADM) lesions present in human and mouse chronic pancreatitis specimens. Although Par3 loss disrupts tight junctions, Par3 is dispensable for pancreatogenesis. However, with aging, Par3 loss results in low-grade inflammation, acinar degeneration, and pancreatic lipomatosis. Par3 loss exacerbates acute pancreatitis-induced injury and chronic pancreatitis-induced acinar cell loss, promotes pancreatic lipomatosis, and prevents regeneration. Par3 loss also results in suppression of chronic pancreatitis-induced ADM and primary ciliogenesis. Notably, targeting BET proteins attenuates chronic pancreatitis-induced loss of primary cilia and promotes ADM in mice lacking pancreatic Par3. Targeting BET proteins also attenuates cerulein-induced acinar cell loss and enhances recovery of acinar cell mass and body weight of mice lacking pancreatic Par3.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Combined, this study demonstrates how Par3 restrains chronic pancreatitis-induced changes in the pancreas and identifies a potential role for BET inhibitors to attenuate pancreas injury and facilitate regeneration.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.101389

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Most cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In HeLa cells, the HPV18 viral genome is integrated at chromosome 8q24.21 and activates transcription of the proto-oncogene c-Myc. However, the mechanism of how the integrated HPV genome and its transcribed RNAs exhibit transcription activation function has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that HPV18 transcripts contain an enhancer RNA-like function to activate proximal genes including CCAT1-5L and c-Myc. We showed that the human genome-integrated HPV18 genes are activated by transcription coregulators including BRD4 and Mediator. The transcribed HPV18 RNAs form a liquid-like condensate at chromosome 8q24.21 locus, which in turn accumulates RNA polymerase II. Moreover, we focused on a relatively uncharacterized transcript from the upstream region of CCAT1, named URC. The URC RNA is transcribed as a chimera RNA with HPV18 and is composed of the 3'-untranslated region of the HPV18 transcript. We experimentally showed that the URC contributes to stabilization of HPV18 RNAs by supplying a polyadenylation site for the HPV18 transcript. Our findings suggest that integrated HPV18 at 8q24.21 locus produces HPV18-URC chimera RNA and promotes tumorigenesis through RNA-based condensate formation.

DOI： 10.1111/gtc.13121

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Non-polyadenylated mRNAs of replication-dependent histones (RDHs) are synthesized by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at histone locus bodies (HLBs). HLBs frequently associate with Cajal bodies (CBs), in which 3'-end processing factors for RDH genes are enriched; however, this association's role in transcription termination of RDH genes remains unclear. Here, we show that Pol II pauses immediately upstream of transcript end sites of RDH genes and Mediator plays a role in this Pol II pausing through CBs' association with HLBs. Disruption of the Mediator docking site for Little elongation complex (LEC)-Cap binding complex (CBC)-Negative elongation factor (NELF), components of CBs, interferes with CBs' association with HLBs and 3' Pol II pausing, resulting in increased aberrant unprocessed RDH gene transcripts. Our findings suggest Mediator's involvement in CBs' association with HLBs to facilitate 3' Pol II pausing and subsequent 3'-end processing of RDH genes by supplying 3'-end processing factors.

DOI： 10.1038/s41467-022-30632-w

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Vertebrates exhibit patterned epidermis, exemplified by scales/interscales in mice tails and grooves/ridges on the human skin surface (microtopography). Although the role of spatiotemporal regulation of stem cells (SCs) has been implicated in this process, the mechanism underlying the development of such epidermal patterns is poorly understood. Here, we show that collagen XVII (COL17), a niche for epidermal SCs, helps stabilize epidermal patterns. Gene knockout and rescue experiments revealed that COL17 maintains the width of the murine tail scale epidermis independently of epidermal cell polarity. Skin regeneration after wounding was associated with slender scale epidermis, which was alleviated by overexpression of human COL17. COL17-negative skin in human junctional epidermolysis bullosa showed a distinct epidermal pattern from COL17-positive skin that resulted from revertant mosaicism. These results demonstrate that COL17 contributes to defining mouse tail scale shapes and human skin microtopography. Our study sheds light on the role of the SC niche in tissue pattern formation.

DOI： 10.1038/s41374-022-00738-2

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Polymicrogyria is a common malformation of cortical development whose etiology remains elusive. We conducted whole-exome sequencing for 124 patients with polymicrogyria and identified de novo ATP1A3 variants in eight patients. Mutated ATP1A3 causes functional brain diseases, including alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP), and cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic nerve atrophy, and sensorineural deafness (CAPOS). However, our patients showed no clinical features of AHC, RDP, or CAPOS and had a completely different phenotype: a severe form of polymicrogyria with epilepsy and developmental delay. Detected variants had different locations in ATP1A3 and different functional properties compared with AHC-, RDP-, or CAPOS-associated variants. In the developing cerebral cortex of mice, radial neuronal migration was impaired in neurons overexpressing the ATP1A3 variant of the most severe patients, suggesting that this variant is involved in cortical malformation pathogenesis. We propose a previously unidentified category of polymicrogyria associated with ATP1A3 abnormalities.

DOI： 10.1126/sciadv.abd2368

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Type XVII collagen (COL17) is a transmembrane protein expressed in the basal epidermis. COL17 serves as a niche for epidermal stem cells, and although its reduction has been implicated in altering cell polarity and ageing of the epidermis, it is unknown how COL17 affects epidermal cell polarity. Here, we uncovered COL17 as a binding partner of the aPKC-PAR complex, which is a key regulating factor of cell polarity. Immunoprecipitation-immunoblot assay and protein-protein binding assay revealed that COL17 interacts with aPKC and PAR3. COL17 deficiency or epidermis-specific aPKCλ deletion destabilized PAR3 distribution in the epidermis, while aPKCζ knockout did not. Asymmetrical cell division was pronounced in COL17-null neonatal paw epidermis. These results show that COL17 is pivotal for maintaining epidermal cell polarity. Our study highlights the previously unrecognized role of COL17 in the basal keratinocytes.

DOI： 10.1111/exd.14196

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

<title>Abstract</title>
Frequent mutation of the tumour suppressor RNF43 is observed in many cancers, particularly colon malignancies. RNF43, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, negatively regulates Wnt signalling by inducing degradation of the Wnt receptor Frizzled. In this study, we discover that RNF43 activity requires phosphorylation at a triplet of conserved serines. This phospho-regulation of RNF43 is required for zebrafish development and growth of mouse intestinal organoids. Cancer-associated mutations that abrogate RNF43 phosphorylation cooperate with active Ras to promote tumorigenesis by abolishing the inhibitory function of RNF43 in Wnt signalling while maintaining its inhibitory function in p53 signalling. Our data suggest that RNF43 mutations cooperate with KRAS mutations to promote multi-step tumorigenesis via the Wnt-Ras-p53 axis in human colon cancers. Lastly, phosphomimetic substitutions of the serine trio restored the tumour suppressive activity of extracellular oncogenic mutants. Therefore, harnessing phospho-regulation of RNF43 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for tumours with RNF43 mutations.

DOI： 10.1038/s41467-020-18257-3

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その他リンク： http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18257-3

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Cell polarity is essential for various asymmetric cellular events, and the partitioning defective (PAR) protein PAR3 (encoded by PARD3 in mammals) plays a unique role as a cellular landmark to establish polarity. In epithelial cells, PAR3 localizes at the subapical border, such as the tight junction in vertebrates, and functions as an apical determinant. Although we know a great deal about the regulators of PAR3 localization, how PAR3 is concentrated and localized to a specific membrane domain remains an important question to be clarified. In this study, we demonstrate that ASPP2 (also known as TP53BP2), which controls PAR3 localization, links PAR3 and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). The ASPP2-PP1 complex dephosphorylates a novel phosphorylation site, Ser852, of PAR3. Furthermore, Ser852- or Ser889-unphosphorylatable PAR3 mutants form protein clusters, and ectopically localize to the lateral membrane. Concomitance of clustering and ectopic localization suggests that PAR3 localization is a consequence of local clustering. We also demonstrate that unphosphorylatable forms of PAR3 exhibited a low molecular turnover and failed to coordinate rapid reconstruction of the tight junction, supporting that both the phosphorylated and dephosphorylated states are essential for the functional integrity of PAR3.

DOI： 10.1242/jcs.244830

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Mediator is a coregulatory complex that regulates transcription of Pol II-dependent genes. Previously, we showed that human Mediator subunit MED26 plays a role in the recruitment of Super Elongation Complex (SEC) or Little Elongation Complex (LEC) to regulate the expression of certain genes. MED26 plays a role in recruiting SEC to protein-coding genes including c-myc and LEC to small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes. However, how MED26 engages SEC or LEC to regulate distinct genes is unclear. Here, we provide evidence that MED26 recruits LEC to modulate transcription termination of non-polyadenylated transcripts including snRNAs and mRNAs encoding replication-dependent histone (RDH) at Cajal bodies. Our findings indicate that LEC recruited by MED26 promotes efficient transcription termination by Pol II through interaction with CBC-ARS2 and NELF/DSIF, and promotes 3' end processing by enhancing recruitment of Integrator or Heat Labile Factor to snRNA or RDH genes, respectively.

DOI： 10.1038/s41467-020-14849-1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

MN1 was originally identified as a tumor-suppressor gene. Knockout mouse studies have suggested that Mn1 is associated with craniofacial development. However, no MN1-related phenotypes have been established in humans. Here, we report on three individuals who have de novo MN1 variants that lead to a protein lacking the carboxyl (C) terminus and who presented with severe developmental delay, craniofacial abnormalities with specific facial features, and structural abnormalities in the brain. An in vitro study revealed that the deletion of the C-terminal region led to increased protein stability, an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, and enhanced MN1 aggregation in nuclei compared to what occurred in the wild type, suggesting that a gain-of-function mechanism is involved in this disease. Considering that C-terminal deletion increases the fraction of intrinsically disordered regions of MN1, it is possible that altered phase separation could be involved in the mechanism underlying the disease. Our data indicate that MN1 participates in transcriptional regulation of target genes through interaction with the transcription factors PBX1, PKNOX1, and ZBTB24 and that mutant MN1 impairs the binding with ZBTB24 and RING1, which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. On the basis of our findings, we propose the model that C-terminal deletion interferes with MN1's interaction molecules related to the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome pathway, including RING1, and increases the amount of the mutant protein; this increase leads to the dysregulation of MN1 target genes by inhibiting rapid MN1 protein turnover.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.11.011

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.01.001

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Strict regulation of proliferation is vital for development, whereas unregulated cell proliferation is a fundamental characteristic of cancer. The polarity protein atypical protein kinase C lambda/iota (aPKCλ) is associated with cell proliferation through unknown mechanisms. In endothelial cells, suppression of aPKCλ impairs proliferation despite hyperactivated mitogenic signaling. Here we show that aPKCλ phosphorylates the DNA binding domain of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) transcription factor, a gatekeeper of endothelial growth. Although mitogenic signaling excludes FoxO1 from the nucleus, consequently increasing c-Myc abundance and proliferation, aPKCλ controls c-Myc expression via FoxO1/miR-34c signaling without affecting its localization. We find this pathway is strongly activated in the malignant vascular sarcoma, angiosarcoma, and aPKC inhibition reduces c-Myc expression and proliferation of angiosarcoma cells. Moreover, FoxO1 phosphorylation at Ser218 and aPKC expression correlates with poor patient prognosis. Our findings may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of malignant cancers, like angiosarcoma.

DOI： 10.1038/s41467-018-07739-0

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.15252/embr.201745253

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：CELL PRESS  

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a huge protein complex embedded in the nuclear envelope. It has central functions in nucleocytoplasmic transport, nuclear framework, and gene regulation. Nucleoporin 107 kDa (NUP107) is a component of the NPC central scaffold and is an essential protein in all eukaryotic cells. Here, we report on biallelic NUP107 mutations in nine affected individuals who are from five unrelated families and show early-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRN). These individuals have pathologically focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, a condition that leads to end-stage renal disease with high frequency. NUP107 is ubiquitously expressed, including in glomerular podocytes. Three of four NUP107 mutations detected in the affected individuals hamper NUP107 binding to NUP133 (nucleoporin 133 kDa) and NUP107 incorporation into NPCs in vitro. Zebrafish with nup107 knockdown generated by morpholino oligonucleotides displayed hypoplastic glomerulus structures and abnormal podocyte foot processes, thereby mimicking the pathological changes seen in the kidneys of the SRNS individuals with NUP107 mutations. Considering the unique properties of the podocyte (highly differentiated foot-process architecture and slit membrane and the inability to regenerate), we propose a "podocyte-injury model" as the pathomechanism for SRNS due to biallelic NUP107 mutations.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.08.013

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The slit diaphragm (SD), the specialized intercellular junction between renal glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes), provides a selective-filtration barrier in renal glomeruli. Dysfunction of the SD results in glomerular diseases that are characterized by disappearance of SD components, such as nephrin, from the cell surface. Although the importance of endocytosis and degradation of SD components for the maintenance of SD integrity has been suggested, the dynamic nature of the turnover of intact cell-surface SD components remained unclear. Using isolated rat glomeruli we show that the turnover rates of cell-surface SD components are relatively high; they almost completely disappear from the cell surface within minutes. The exocytosis, but not endocytosis, of heterologously expressed nephrin requires the kinase activity of the cell polarity regulator atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). Consistently, we demonstrate that podocyte-specific deletion of aPKCλ resulted in a decrease of cell-surface localization of SD components, causing massive proteinuria. In conclusion, the regulation of SD turnover by aPKC is crucial for the maintenance of SD integrity and defects in aPKC signalling can lead to proteinuria. These findings not only reveal the pivotal importance of the dynamic turnover of cell-surface SD components but also suggest a novel pathophysiological basis in glomerular disease. © 2014 The Authors 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japanese Biochemical Society. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1093/jb/mvu022

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：12  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0084036

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

Activities as diverse as migration, proliferation and patterning occur simultaneously and in a coordinated fashion during tissue morphogenesis. In the growing vasculature, the formation of motile, invasive and filopodia-carrying endothelial sprouts is balanced with the stabilization of blood-transporting vessels. Here, we show that sprouting endothelial cells in the retina have high rates of VEGF uptake, VEGF receptor endocytosis and turnover. These internalization processes are opposed by atypical protein kinase C activity in more stable and mature vessels. aPKC phosphorylates Dab2, a clathrin-associated sorting protein that, together with the transmembrane protein ephrin-B2 and the cell polarity regulator PAR-3, enables VEGF receptor endocytosis and downstream signal transduction. Accordingly, VEGF receptor internalization and the angiogenic growth of vascular beds are defective in loss-of-function mice lacking key components of this regulatory pathway. Our work uncovers how vessel growth is dynamically controlled by local VEGF receptor endocytosis and the activity of cell polarity proteins.

DOI： 10.1038/ncb2679

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：CELL PRESS  

Cell polarization is crucial during development and tissue homeostasis and is regulated by conserved proteins of the Scribble, Crumbs, and Par complexes. In mouse skin tumorigenesis, Par3 deficiency results in reduced papilloma formation and growth. Par3 mediates its tumor-promoting activity through regulation of growth and survival, since Par3 deletion increases apoptosis and reduces growth in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, Par3-deficient mice are predisposed to formation of keratoacanthomas, cutaneous tumors thought to originate from different cellular origin and frequently observed in humans. Par3 expression is reduced in both mouse and human keratoacanthomas, indicating tumor-suppressive properties of Par3. Our results identify a dual function of Par3 in skin cancer, with both pro-oncogenic and tumor-suppressive activity depending on the tumor type.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

Objective We previously showed that the molecule interacting with Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), ATRAP, promotes AT1R internalization and attenuates AT1R-mediated pathological responses. In this study we examined whether the regulation of renal ATRAP expression is related to the development of salt-induced hypertension and renal injury as well as to the beneficial effects of AT1R blockade.
Methods and results Dahl Iwai salt-sensitive hypertensive and Dahl Iwai salt-resistant rats were divided into six groups for the administration of vehicle or olmesartan either continuously from 3 to 16 weeks, or transiently from weaning to puberty (3-10 weeks), and fed high salt diet from 6 to 16 weeks. In Dahl Iwai salt-sensitive rats, not only continuous, but also prepubertal olmesartan treatment improved hypertension at 15 weeks. Renal ATRAP expression was suppressed in vehicle-treated Dahl Iwai salt-sensitive rats, concomitant with up-regulation of renal oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis-related markers such as p22phox, TGF-beta, fibronectin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and type 1 collagen. However, prepubertal as well as continuous olmesartan treatment recovered the suppressed renal ATRAP expression and inhibited the renal activation of p22phox, TGF-beta, fibronectin, MCP-1 and type 1 collagen. In Dahl Iwai salt-resistant rats, such suppression of renal ATRAP expression or induction of renal pathological responses by salt loading was not observed.
Conclusions These results indicate that prepubertal transient blockade of AT1R signaling exerts a long-term therapeutic effect on salt-induced hypertension and renal injury in Dahl Iwai salt-sensitive rats, partly through a sustained enhancement of renal ATRAP expression, thereby suggesting ATRAP a novel molecular target in salt-induced hypertension and renal injury. J Hypertens 29:1919-1929 (C) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

DOI： 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834a5a46

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC  

Matsuda M, Tamura K, Wakui H, Dejima T, Maeda A, Ohsawa M, Kanaoka T, Haku S, Azushima K, Yamasaki H, Saito D, Hirose T, Maeshima Y, Nagashima Y, Umemura S. Involvement of Runx3 in the basal transcriptional activation of the mouse angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein gene. Physiol Genomics 43: 884-894, 2011. First published May 17, 2011; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00005.2011.-We previously cloned a molecule that interacts with angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor to exert an inhibitory function on AT1 receptor signaling that we named ATRAP/Agtrap (for AT1 receptor-associated protein). In the present study we examined the regulation of basal ATRAP gene expression using renal distal convoluted tubule cells. We found that serum starvation upregulated basal expression of ATRAP gene, a response that required de novo mRNA and protein synthesis. Luciferase assay revealed that the proximal promoter region directs transcription and that a putative binding site of runt-related transcription factors (RBE) is important for transcriptional activation. The results of RBE-decoy transfection and endogenous knockdown by small interference RNA showed that the runt-related transcription factor Runx3 is involved in ATRAP gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay also supported the binding of Runx3 to the ATRAP promoter in renal distal convoluted tubule cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the expression of Runx3 and ATRAP proteins in the distal convoluted and connecting tubules of the kidney in consecutive sections. Furthermore, the Runx3 immunostaining was decreased together with a concomitant suppression of ATRAP expression in the affected kidney after 7 days of unilateral ureteral obstruction. These findings indicate that Runx3 plays a role in ATRAP gene expression in renal distal tubular cells both in vitro and in vivo.

DOI： 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00005.2011

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

ATRAP [ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein] is a molecule which directly interacts with AT1R and inhibits AT1R signaling. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of continuous ANG II infusion on the intrarenal expression and distribution of ATRAP and to determine the role of AT1R signaling in mediating these effects. C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to vehicle or ANG II infusions at doses of 200, 1,000, or 2,500 ng·kg -1·min-1 for 14 days. ANG II infusion caused significant suppression of ATRAP expression in the kidney but did not affect ATRAP expression in the testis or liver. Although only the highest ANG II dose (2,500 ng·kg-1·min-1) provoked renal pathological responses, such as an increase in the mRNA expression of angiotensinogen and the α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel, ANG II-induced decreases in ATRAP were observed even at the lowest dose (200 ng·kg-1·min-1), particularly in the outer medulla of the kidney, based on immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. The decrease in renal ATRAP expression by ANG II infusion was prevented by treatment with the AT1R-specific blocker olmesartan. In addition, the ANG II-mediated decrease in renal ATRAP expression through AT1R signaling occurred without an ANG II-induced decrease in plasma membrane AT1R expression in the kidney. On the other hand, a transgenic model increase in renal ATRAP expression beyond baseline was accompanied by a constitutive reduction of renal plasma membrane AT1R expression and by the promotion of renal AT1R internalization as well as the decreased induction of angiotensinogen gene expression in response to ANG II. These results suggest that the plasma membrane AT1R level in the kidney is modulated by intrarenal ATRAP expression under physiological and pathophysiological conditions in vivo. Copyright © 2010 the American Physiological Society.

DOI： 10.1152/ajprenal.00738.2009

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC  

Wakui H, Tamura K, Matsuda M, Bai Y, Dejima T, Shigenaga A, Masuda S, Azuma K, Maeda A, Hirose T, Ishigami T, Toya Y, Yabana M, Minamisawa S, Umemura S. Intrarenal suppression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor binding molecule in angiotensin II-infused mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 299: F991-F1003, 2010. First published August 25, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00738.2009.-ATRAP [ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein] is a molecule which directly interacts with AT1R and inhibits AT1R signaling. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of continuous ANG II infusion on the intrarenal expression and distribution of ATRAP and to determine the role of AT1R signaling in mediating these effects. C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to vehicle or ANG II infusions at doses of 200, 1,000, or 2,500 ng . kg(-1) . min(-1) for 14 days. ANG II infusion caused significant suppression of ATRAP expression in the kidney but did not affect ATRAP expression in the testis or liver. Although only the highest ANG II dose (2,500 ng . kg(-1) . min(-1)) provoked renal pathological responses, such as an increase in the mRNA expression of angiotensinogen and the alpha-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel, ANG II-induced decreases in ATRAP were observed even at the lowest dose (200 ng . kg(-1) . min(-1)), particularly in the outer medulla of the kidney, based on immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. The decrease in renal ATRAP expression by ANG II infusion was prevented by treatment with the AT1R-specific blocker olmesartan. In addition, the ANG II-mediated decrease in renal ATRAP expression through AT1R signaling occurred without an ANG II-induced decrease in plasma membrane AT1R expression in the kidney. On the other hand, a transgenic model increase in renal ATRAP expression beyond baseline was accompanied by a constitutive reduction of renal plasma membrane AT1R expression and by the promotion of renal AT1R internalization as well as the decreased induction of angiotensinogen gene expression in response to ANG II. These results suggest that the plasma membrane AT1R level in the kidney is modulated by intrarenal ATRAP expression under physiological and pathophysiological conditions in vivo.

DOI： 10.1152/ajprenal.00738.2009

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC  

Masuda S, Tamura K, Wakui H, Maeda A, Dejima T, Hirose T, Toyoda M, Azuma K, Ohsawa M, Kanaoka T, Yanagi M, Yoshida S, Mitsuhashi H, Matsuda M, Ishigami T, Toya Y, Suzuki D, Nagashima Y, Umemura S. Expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor-interacting molecule in normal human kidney and IgA nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 299: F720-F731, 2010. First published August 4, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00667.2009.-The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in the regulation of renal circulation and sodium reabsorption through the activation of vascular, glomerular, and tubular angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor signaling. We previously cloned a molecule that specifically interacted with the murine AT(1) receptor to inhibit AT(1) receptor signaling, which we named ATRAP (for AT(1) receptor-associated protein). Since murine ATRAP was shown to be highly expressed in the kidney, in the present study we investigated expression and distribution of human ATRAP in normal kidney and renal biopsy specimens from patients with IgA nephropathy. In the normal human kidney, both ATRAP mRNA and protein were widely and abundantly distributed along the renal tubules from Bowman&apos;s capsule to the medullary collecting ducts. In all renal tubular epithelial cells, the ATRAP protein colocalized with the AT(1) receptor. In renal biopsy specimens with IgA nephropathy, a significant positive correlation between ATRAP and AT(1) receptor gene expression was observed. There was also a positive relationship between tubulointerstitial ATRAP expression and the estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with IgA nephropathy. Furthermore, we examined the function of the tubular AT(1) receptor using an immortalized cell line of mouse distal convoluted tubule cells (mDCT) and found that overexpression of ATRAP by adenoviral gene transfer suppressed the angiotensin II-mediated increases in transforming growth factor-beta production in mDCT cells. These findings suggest that ATRAP might play a role in balancing the renal renin-angiotensin system synergistically with the AT(1) receptor by counterregulatory effects in IgA nephropathy and propose an antagonistic effect of tubular ATRAP on AT(1) receptor signaling.

DOI： 10.1152/ajprenal.00667.2009

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

Background. Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frequently complicated with lupus nephritis (LN), which is characterized by the deposition of DNA-containing immune complex to the glomerulus. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), capable of recognizing the microbially derived CpG oligonucleotide, plays a crucial role in the innate immunity. TLR9 is also assumed to be related to the aetiology of SLE in the recognition of anti-DNA antibody-containing immune complex, but this remains controversial. We conducted a study to elucidate the association between TLR9 and LN in childhood-onset SLE.
Methods. We compared the expression and localization of TLR9 and the slit membrane-related protein in the biopsied kidney sample by immunostaining in four children with active or inactive LN. We also evaluated their laboratory findings, such as anti-DNA antibody, complement and proteinuria at biopsy, to assess the correlation to the findings of the immunostaining. Results. TLR9 is not expressed in a normal control kidney. However, TLR9 develops in podocytes only in active LN but disappears in remission. Meanwhile, the slit membrane-related proteins such as nephrin, podocin and synaptopodin in podocytes express clearly and uniformly in remission, but their expression is markedly diminished in active LN, which results in podocyte injury. When TLR9 is expressed in podocytes, all the patients simultaneously showed hypocomplementaemia, high titre of anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody and proteinuria.
Conclusion. Injured podocytes in active LN express TLR9. This expression could be associated with proteinuria and increased anti-dsDNA antibody. This is the first report indicating that TLR9 is involved in the aetiology of LN and that it may play some role in podocyte injury.

DOI： 10.1093/ndt/gfq058

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：CELL PRESS  

The PAR complex, consisting of the evolutionarily conserved PAR-3, PAR-6, and aPKC, regulates cell polarity in many cell types, including epithelial cells [1-4]. Consistently, genetic manipulation of its components affects tissue integrity in multiple biological systems [5-9]. However, the regulatory mechanisms of the PAR complex remain obscure. We report here that apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (ASPP2 or TP53BP2), which binds to the tumor suppressor p53 and stimulates its proapoptotic function [10-12], positively regulates epithelial cell polarity by associating with the PAR complex. ASPP2 interacts and colocalizes with PAR-3 at apical cell-cell junctions in the polarized epithelial cells. Depletion of ASPP2 in epithelial cells causes defects in cell polarity, such as the formation of tight junctions and the maintenance and development of apical membrane domains. Moreover, depletion of ASPP2 causes a defect in PAR-3 localization, as well as vice versa. Furthermore, disturbance in the interaction between ASPP2 and PAR-3 causes defects in cell polarity. We conclude that ASPP2 regulates epithelial cell polarity in cooperation with PAR-3 to form an active PAR complex. Our results, taken together with the known functions of ASPP2, suggest a close relationship between cell polarity and other cell regulatory mechanisms mediated by ASPP2.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.024

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Both PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) play central roles in the polarization of many cell types. In epithelial cells, both PIP3 and aPKC are required for the development of apico-basolateral membrane polarity. However, the relationship between PIP3 and aPKC during the establishment and maintenance of polarized membrane domains remains to be clarified. We show that depolarized MDCK cells retain a polarized basal distribution of PIP3, supporting a role for PIP3 in determining the basolateral membrane domain. Importantly, overexpression of a kinase-negative mutant of aPKC lambda (aPKC lambda kn) impaired the basal distribution of PIP3, indicating that aPKC kinase activity is required for the restriction of PIP3 to the basal region. In support of this, overexpression of aPKC lambda kn during polarization, but not after polarization, caused whole membrane distribution of PIP3 as well as defects in epithelial polarization. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.083

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC  

IGSF4a/RA175/SynCAM (RA175) and junctional adhesion molecules (Jams) are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily with a PDZ-binding domain at their C termini. Deficiency of Ra175 (Ra175(-/-)) as well as jam-C deficiency (Jam-C-/-) causes the defect of the spermatid differentiation, oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia. Ra175(-/-) elongating spermatids; fail to mature further, whereas Jam-C-/- round spermatids lose cell polarity, and most of Jam-C-/- elongated spermatids are completely lost. RA175 and Jam-C seem to have similar but distinct functional roles during spermatid. differentiation. Here we show that the cell polarity protein Par-3 with PDZ domains, a binding partner of jams, is one of the associated proteins of the cytoplasmic region of RA175 in testis. Par-3 and Jam-C are partly co-localized with RA175 in the elongating and elongated spermatids; their distributions overlapped with that of RA175 on the tips of the dorsal region of the head of the elongating spermatid (steps 9 to 12) in the wild type. In the Ra175(-/-)-elongating spermatid, Par-3 was absent, and Jam-C was absent or abnormally localized. The RA175 formed a ternary complex with Jam-C via interaction with Par-3. The lack of the ternary complex in the Ra175(-/-) elongating spermatid may cause the defect of the specialized adhesion structures, resulting in the oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia.

DOI： 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070261

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

Studies of islet neogenesis have suggested that the regeneration of islet cells can be achieved through redifferentiation of pre-existing islet cells. However, this hypothesis is largely unproven and fails to account for the diversity of observed islet neogenesis. Here we show that cultured neonatal pancreatic cells dedifferentiate into beta III tubulin-expressing precursors, which then expand and redifferentiate into both neural and pancreatic lineage progenies. Redifferentiation happens not only in the islet cells, but also in the ductal cells that may represent what are called ductal origin "pancreatic stem cells". The it? vitro redifferentiation of neonatal pancreatic cells recapitulates the embryonic development by sequential endocrine differentiation accompanied by the coexpression of neuronal marker beta III tubulin with endocrine hormones until terminal differentiation. The neuronal differentiation of pancreatic cells, however, occurs prior to endocrine differentiation and gradually becomes dominant, thus implying a default neuronal lineage specification for cultured pancreatic cells. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.179

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC  

PAR-3 (partitioning-defective) is a scaffold-like PDZ (postsynaptic density-95/discs large/zonula occludens-1) domain-containing protein that forms a complex with PAR-6 and atypical PKC, localizes to tight junctions, and contributes to the formation of functional tight junctions. There are several alternatively spliced isoforms of PAR-3, although their physiological significance remains unknown. In this study, we show that one of the major isoforms of PAR-3, sPAR-3, is predominantly expressed in the Caco-2 cells derived from colon carcinoma and is used as a model to investigate the events involved in the epithelial cell differentiation and cell polarity development. During the polarization of Caco-2 cells, the expression of PAR-3 increases as do those of other cell-cell junction proteins, whereas the expression of sPAR-3 decreases. Biochemical characterization revealed that sPAR-3 associates with atypical PKC, as does PAR-3. On the other hand, immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that sPAR-3 does not concentrate at the cell-cell contact region in fully polarized cells, whereas it concentrates at premature cell-cell junctions. This makes a contrast to PAR-3, which concentrates at tight junctions in fully polarized cells. These results provide evidence suggesting the difference in the role between sPAR-3 and PAR-3 in epithelial cells.

DOI： 10.1152/ajpgi.00426.2003

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC  

PAR-3 is a scaffold-like PDZ-containing protein that forms a complex with PAR-6 and atypical protein kinase C (PAR-3-atypical protein kinase C-PAR-6 complex) and contributes to the establishment of cell polarity in a wide variety of biological contexts. In mammalian epithelial cells, it localizes to tight junctions, the most apical end of epithelial cell-cell junctions, and contributes to the formation of functional tight junctions. However, the mechanism by which PAR-3 localizes to tight junctions and contributes to their formation remains to be clarified. Here we show that the N-terminal conserved region, CR1-(1-86), and the sequence 937-1,024 are required for its recruitment to the most apical side of the cell-cell contact region in epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. We also show that CR1 self-associates to form an oligomeric complex in vivo and in vitro. Further, overexpression of CR1 in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells disturbs the distribution of atypical protein kinase C and PAR-6 as well as PAR-3 and delays the formation of functional tight junctions. These results support the notion that the CR1- mediated self-association of the PAR-3-containing protein complex plays a role during the formation of functional tight junctions.

DOI： 10.1074/jbc.M303593200

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：CELL PRESS  

Background: Epithelial cells have apicobasal polarity and an asymmetric junctional complex that provides the bases for development and tissue maintenance. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, the evolutionarily conserved protein complex, PAR-6/aPKC/PAR-3, localizes to the subapical region and plays critical roles in the establishment of a junctional complex and cell polarity. In Drosophila, another set of proteins called tumor suppressors, such as LgI, which localize separately to the basolateral membrane domain but genetically interact with the subapical proteins, also contribute to the establishment of cell polarity. However, how physically separated proteins interact remains to be clarified.
Results: We show that mammalian LgI competes for PAR-3 in forming an independent complex with PAR-6/ aPKC. During cell polarization, mLgI initially colocalizes with PAR-6/aPKC at the cell-cell contact region and is phosphorylated by aPKC, followed by segregation from apical PAR-6/aPKC to the basolateral membrane after cells are polarized. Overexpression studies establish that increased amounts of the mLgI/PAR-6/aPKC complex suppress the formation of epithelial junctions; this contrasts with the previous observation that the complex containing PAR-3 promotes it.
Conclusions: These results indicate that PAR-6/aPKC selectively interacts with either mLgI or PAR-3 under the control of aPKC activity to regulate epithelial cell polarity.

DOI： 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00244-6

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD  

Background: Recent studies have revealed that aPKC (atypical protein kinase C), PAR-3 and PAR-6 play indispensable roles in the regulation of various cell polarization events, from worms to mammals, suggesting that they comprise an evolutionarily conserved protein machinery which is essential for cell polarization. The three proteins interact with each other to form a ternary complex and thus mutually regulate their functionality and localization. Here, we investigated the biochemical nature of the aPKC-PAR-3 interaction in detail to clarify its functional importance in cell polarity.
Results: The highly conserved 26 amino acid sequence 816-841, in PAR-3 was found to be necessary and sufficient for the tight association with aPKC. Among several conserved serine/threonine residues within the region, aPKC preferentially phosphorylates serine-827 in vitro , and this phosphorylation reduces the stability of the PAR-3-aPKC interaction. Several analyses using a phospho-serine 827 specific antibody have established that this phosphorylation by aPKC occurs in vivo . Over-expression of a point mutant of PAR-3 (S827A), which is predicted to form a stable complex with aPKC, causes defects in the cell-cell contact-induced cell polarization of epithelial MDCK cells, similarly to a dominant negative mutant of aPKC.
Conclusion: These results imply that serine 827 in the aPKC binding site of PAR-3 is a target of aPKC and that the regulated interaction between a protein kinase, aPKC, and its substrate, PAR-3, plays an essential role in the establishment of cell polarity.

DOI： 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2002.00590.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD  

Background: PAR-3 is one of the PAR proteins, previously named ASIP which are indispensable for the establishment of cell polarity in the embryo as well as differentiated epithelial cells. In mammalian epithelial cells, it forms a ternary complex with aPKC and PAR-6, and is localized to the tight junction that has been suggested as being important for creating cell polarity.
Results: To gain insights into the mode of PAR-3 function in mammalian epithelial cells, we examined the effect of PAR-3 over-expression in MDCK cells. Although exogenous PAR-3-expression does not affect the epithelial polarity of confluent cells, it drastically transforms the morphology of cells at low density into a fibroblastic form with developed membrane protrusions. Time-lapse observations have revealed that PAR-3 over-expressing cells show intense motility, even after they have assembled into loose colonies, suggesting that the contact-mediated inhibition of cell migration (CIM) is suppressed. The expressions of E-cadherin and vimentin do not change with PAR-3 over-expression, suggesting that exogenous PAR-3 only disturbs the endogenous equilibrium of cellular states between a fundamental fibroblastic structure and an epithelial one. The co-expression of a dominant negative mutant of Rac1 and the addition of nocodazole strongly antagonize the effect of PAR-3 over-expression, suggesting the involvement of Rac1 activation and microtubule polymerizations.
Conclusions: The data presented here suggest an intriguing link between the contact-mediated inhibition of cell migration and the regulation of cell polarity. The putative PAR-3 activities demonstrated here may function endogenously in the epithelial cell polarization process by being sequestered from the cytosol to the cell-cell junctional regions with aPKC and PAR-6 upon cell-cell adhesion.

DOI： 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2002.00540.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER-VERLAG  

The construction of the hepatocyte tight junction is one of the most important events during liver regeneration leading to the reorganization of the bile canaliculi and the repolarization of hepatocytes after cell division. To understand this event at the molecular level, we examined the expression of tight junction proteins by Western blot analysis and their cellular localization by immunofluorescence microscopy in regenerating rat liver after two-thirds hepatectomy. The levels of tight junction components such as claudin-3, ZO-1 and atypical protein kinase C (PKC)-specific interacting protein (ASIP) increased two- to three-fold over control levels in coordination with a peak 2-3 days after partial hepatectomy, whereas occludin levels remained unchanged. The bile canaliculi outlined by tight junction components and actin filaments reveal significant morphological changes from 2-3 days after partial hepatectomy. During this period, claudin-3/ZO-1 and ASIP/ZO-1 were nearly co-localized, whereas occludin was locally reduced or almost absent on the bile canaliculi outlined by ZO-1 staining. The uncoupled localization of F-actin and tight junction components was often observed. The function of hepatocytes, as revealed by the serum bile acids level, was distorted temporally at an early stage of regeneration but mostly restored 3 days after partial hepatectomy. These observations suggest that the de novo construction of tight junctions proceeds mainly 2-3 days after partial hepatectomy in parallel with the cell polarization required for hepatocyte function. However, the complete normalization of the composition of the tight junction components, such as occludin and the association with F-actin, requires additional time, which may support the regeneration of fully polarized normal hepatocytes.

DOI： 10.1007/s004410100397

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD  

Background: PAR-6, aPKC and PAR-3 are polarity proteins that co-operate in the establishment of cell polarity in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila embryos. We have recently shown that mammalian aPKC is required for the formation of the epithelia-specific cell-cell junctional structure. We have also revealed that a mammalian PAR-6 forms a ternary complex with aPKC and ASIP/PAR-3, and localizes at the most apical end of the junctional complex in epithelial cells.
Results: The ternary complex formation and junctional co-localization of PAR-6 with aPKC and ASIP/PAR-3 are observed during the early stage of epithelial cell polarization. In addition, over-expression of the PAR-6 mutant with CRIB/PDZ domain in MDCK cells disturbs the cell-cell contact-induced junctional localization of tight junction proteins, as well as inhibiting TER development. Furthermore, the binding of Cdc42:GTP to the CRIB/PDZ domain of PAR-6 enhances the kinase activity of PAR-6-bound aPKC. Detailed analyses suggest that the binding of PAR-6 to aPKC has the intrinsic potential to activate aPKC, which is only released when Cdc42:GTP binds to the CRIB/PDZ domain.
Conclusion: The results indicate the involvement of PAR-6 in the aPKC function which is required for the cell-cell adhesion-induced formation of epithelial junctional structures, possibly through the cooperative regulation of aPKC activity with Cdc42.

DOI： 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00453.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

The establishment and maintenance of cellular polarity are critical for the development of multicellular organisms. PAR (partitioning-defective) proteins were identified in Caenorhabditis elegans as determinants of asymmetric cell division and polarized cell growth. Recently, vertebrate orthologues of two of these proteins, ASIP/PAR-3 and PAR-6, were found to form a signalling complex with the small GTPases Cdc42/Rac1 and with atypical protein kinase C (PKC). Here we show that ASIP/PAR-3 associates with the tight-junction-associated protein junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) in vitro and in vivo. No binding was observed with claudin-1, -4 or -5. In fibroblasts and CHO cells overexpressing JAM, endogenous ASIP is recruited to JAM at sites of cell-cell contact. Overexpression of truncated JAM lacking the extracellular part disrupts ASIP/PAR-3 localization at intercellular junctions and delays ASIP/PAR-3 recruitment to newly formed cell junctions. During junction formation, JAM appears early in primordial forms of junctions. Our data suggest that the ASIP/PAR-3-aPKC complex is tethered to tight junctions via its association with JAM, indicating a potential role for JAM in the generation of cell polarity in epithelial cells.

DOI： 10.1093/emboj/20.14.3738

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS  

We have previously shown that during early Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis PKC-3, a C. elegans atypical PKC (aPKC), plays critical roles in the establishment of cell polarity required for subsequent asymmetric cleavage by interacting with PAR-3 [Tabuse, Y., Y. Izumi, F. Piano, K.J. Kemphues, J. Miwa, and S. Ohno. 1998. Development (Camb.). 125:3607-3614]. Together with the fact that aPKC and a mammalian PAR-3 homologue, aPKC-specific interacting protein (ASIP), colocalize at the tight junctions of polarized epithelial cells (Izumi, Y., H. Hirose, Y. Tamai, S.-I. Hirai, Y. Nagashima, T. Fujimoto, Y. Tabuse, K.J. Kemphues, and S, Ohno. 1998. J. Cell Biol. 143:95-106), this suggests a ubiquitous role for aPKC in establishing cell polarity in multicellular organisms. Here. we show that the overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of aPKC (aPKCkn) in MDCK II cells causes mislocalization of ASIP/PAR-3. Immunocytochemical analyses, as well as measurements of paracellular diffusion of ions or non-ionic solutes, demonstrate that the biogenesis of the tight junction structure itself is severely affected in aPKCkn-expressing cells. Furthermore, these cells show increased interdomain diffusion of fluorescent lipid and disruption of the polarized distribution of Na+, K+-ATPase, suggesting that epithelial cell surface polarity is severely impaired in these cells. On the other hand, we also found that aPKC associates not only with ASIP/PAR-3, but also with a mammalian homologue of C. elegans PAR-6 (mPAR-6). and thereby mediates the formation of an aPKC-ASIP/PAR-3-PAR-6 ternary complex that localizes to the apical junctional region of MDCK cells. These results indicate that aPKC is involved in the evolutionarily conserved PAR protein complex, and plays critical roles in the development of the junctional structures and apico-basal polarization of mammalian epithelial cells.

DOI： 10.1083/jcb.152.6.1183

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC  

Previously, we identified a new mammalian sHSP, MKBP, as a myotonic dystrophy protein kinase-binding protein, and suggested its important role in muscle maintenance (Suzuki, A., Sugiyama, Y., Hayashi, Y., Nyu-i, N., Yoshida, M., Nonaka, I., Ishiura, S., Arahata, K., and Ohno, S. (1998) J. Cell Biol. 140, 1113-1124). In this paper, we develop the former work by performing extensive characterization of five of the six sHSPs so far identified, that is, HSP27, alpha B-crystallin, p20, MKBP/HSPB2, and HSPB3, omitting lens-specific alpha A-crystallin. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that although each sHSP shows differential constitutive expression in restricted tissues, tissues that express all five sHSPs are only muscle-related tissues. Especially, the expressions of HSPB3, identified for the first time as a 17-kDa protein in this paper, and MKBP/HSPB2 are distinctly specific to muscles. Moreover, these sHSPs form an oligomeric complex with an apparent molecular mass of 150 kDa that is completely independent of the oligomers formed by HSP27, alpha B-crystallin, and p20. The expressions of MKBP/HSPB2 and HSPB3 are induced during muscle differentiation under the control of MyoD, suggesting that the sHSP oligomer comprising MKBP/HSPB2 and HSPB3 represents an additional system closely related to muscle function. The functional divergence among sHSPs in different oligomers is also demonstrated in several ways: 1) an interaction with myotonic dystrophy protein kinase, which has been suggested to be important for the maintenance of myofibril integrity, was observed only for MKBP/HSPB2; 2) a myotube-specific association with actin bundles was observed for HSP27 and alpha B-crystallin, but not for MKBP/HSPB2; and 3) sHSPs whose mRNAs are induced by heat shock are alpha B-crystallin and HSP27. Taken together, the results suggest that muscle cells develop two kinds of stress response systems composed of diverged sHSP members, and that these systems work independently in muscle maintenance and differentiation.

DOI： 10.1074/jbc.275.2.1095

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS  

Cell polarity is fundamental to differentiation and function of most cells. Studies in mammalian epithelial cells have revealed that the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity depends upon cell adhesion, signaling networks, the cytoskeleton, and protein transport. Atypical protein kinase C (PKC) isotypes PKC zeta and PKC lambda have been implicated in signaling through lipid metabolites including phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphates, but their physiological role remains elusive. In the present study we report the identification of a protein, ASIP (atypical PKC isotype-specific interacting protein), that binds to aPKCs, and show that it colocalizes with PKC lambda to the cell junctional complex in cultured epithelial MD CKII cells and rat intestinal epithelia. In addition, immunoelectron microscopy revealed that ASIP localizes to tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, ASIP shows significant sequence similarity to Caenorhabditis elegans PAR-3. PAR-3 protein is localized to the anterior periphery of the one-cell embryo, and is required for the establishment of cell polarity in early embryos. ASIP and PAR-3 share three PDZ domains, and can both bind to aPKCs. Taken together, our results suggest a role for a protein complex containing ASIP and aPKC in the establishment and/or maintenance of epithelial cell polarity. The evolutionary conservation of the protein complex and its asymmetric distribution in polarized cells from worm embryo to mammalian-differentiated cells may mean that the complex functions generally in the organization of cellular asymmetry.

DOI： 10.1083/jcb.143.1.95

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：金原一郎記念医学医療振興財団  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2012259093

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本腎臓学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本腎臓学会  

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記述言語：英語  

The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in the regulation of renal circulation and sodium reabsorption through the activation of vascular, glomerular, and tubular angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor signaling. We previously cloned a molecule that specifically interacted with the murine AT1 receptor to inhibit AT1 receptor signaling, which we named ATRAP (for AT1 receptor-associated protein). Since murine ATRAP was shown to be highly expressed in the kidney, in the present study we investigated expression and distribution of human ATRAP in normal kidney and renal biopsy specimens from patients with IgA nephropathy. In the normal human kidney, both ATRAP mRNA and protein were widely and abundantly distributed along the renal tubules from Bowman's capsule to the medullary collecting ducts. In all renal tubular epithelial cells, the ATRAP protein colocalized with the AT1 receptor. In renal biopsy specimens with IgA nephropathy, a significant positive correlation between ATRAP and AT 1 receptor gene expression was observed. There was also a positive relationship between tubulointerstitial ATRAP expression and the estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with IgA nephropathy. Furthermore, we examined the function of the tubular AT1 receptor using an immortalized cell line of mouse distal convoluted tubule cells (mDCT) and found that overexpression of ATRAP by adenoviral gene transfer suppressed the angiotensin II-mediated increases in transforming growth factor-β production in mDCT cells. These findings suggest that ATRAP might play a role in balancing the renal renin-angiotensin system synergistically with the AT 1 receptor by counterregulatory effects in IgA nephropathy and propose an antagonistic effect of tubular ATRAP on AT1 receptor signaling. Copyright © 2010 the American Physiological Society.

DOI： 10.1152/ajprenal.00667.2009

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本細胞生物学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：JAPAN ENDOCRINE SOC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG  

Web of Science

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：横浜市立大学医学会  

CiNii Books

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：医歯薬出版  

CiNii Books

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2002173748

記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

CiNii Books

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記述言語：日本語  

CiNii Books

researchmap

記述言語：日本語  

CiNii Books

researchmap

記述言語：日本語  

CiNii Books

researchmap

記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

researchmap